![]() ![]() Other functional ties could include travel patterns for retail, education or cultural activities. The most common – and easiest - way to understand this interpretation is the travel-to-work area, which would include all communities with more than a substantial percentage (eg: 20 %) of resident workers employed in the core city. The functional urban area includes towns and villages that are physically separated by unbuilt land or water from the built-up city, but are at the same time economically and socially highly dependent on the urban core. ![]() … the ‘Functional Urban Area’, meaning a wider urban system that is still functionally integrated with the core city.The EUROCITIES research paper, while agreeing in the first two categories, aims for a more detailed classification of the third one: ![]() Daily commuting flows are the central parameter in this respect, as they reflect the existence of a common labour market. The functional urban areas, defining urban areas based on interactions between a core area, which may be defined according to morphological criteria, and the surrounding territories.This area corresponds to the city or town as a physical or architectural object. The morphological urban areas, defining urban areas based on the extent and/or continuity of the built-up area, the number of inhabitants, and proportion of the municipal areas covered by urban settlements.This approach corresponds to the city as an instrument used by the state to structure, organise and control a country, but also as a forum for the interaction of local actors (governance). The administrative urban areas, defining urban areas based on the legal or administrative statues of municipalities.Ramsden, summarizing URBACT experiences, differentiates administrative, morphological and functional areas in the following way: The spatial structure of urban areasĪnalysts agree that there are different cooperation areas around cities – although the typology of these areas is not universally crystallized. ![]() The challenge of territorial mismatch and the needs of cities 1. ![]()
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